½ðÄê»á

À´Ô´£º²»Ôв»ÓýÖÎÁÆ £¬×÷Õߣº  £¬£º

ÄãÏþµÃ²» £¬´ºÔ˸ãµÃÕû¸ö¹ãÎ÷ÈÈÄÖµ½ÂÑ»ðÌÌ £¬³Ã÷ÈÕ¾ÀïÈ˼·ÈË £¬»ð³µÆ±¸üÊÇÇÀµÃà»à»½Ð¡£½²µ½ÕâÀï £¬×î½üÌý˵ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwx³ÉÁ˲»ÉÙÈ˵ÄÈÈÃÅ»°Ìâ £¬¶ªÄÇÐÇ £¬¾ÓÈ»Á¬ÎÒÃǹðÁøµÄÀϱíÃÇÒ²¿ªÊ¼¸ÐÐËȤ £¬×¼±¸³Ã×Å´ºÔËÈ¥ÌåÑéÒ»°Ñ£¡¾¿¾¹ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwxÓжàÌØ±ðÄØ £¿½ñÌì¾ÍÀ´°ÇÒ»°ÇÕâ¸ö¹¤¾ß £¬¿´¿´¾¿¾¹¸ãÂÑû¸ã¡£

ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwx¾¿¾¹ÊǸöÉ¶ÍæÒâ £¿

ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwxÕâ¸ö¶«¶« £¬Ëµ°×µã¾ÍÊÇÉÜÐËÄDZߵIJèÎÄ»¯ÌåÑé £¬¸úÎÒÃǹðÁøÈËÆ½Ê±ºÈÓͲ衢àÂÃ×·ÛÍêÈ«·×ÆçÑù¡£Äã±ðÒÔΪ¾ÍÊÇËæ±ãÅݱ­²è¹þ £¬Ìý˵ËûÃǸãµÃºÜ½²¾¿ £¬²èÒ¶¡¢Ë®Î¡¢²è¾ß¶¼ÒªÅäµ½ÂéÖ± £¬¸ãµÃÏñ¸öÒÇʽһÑù¡£¸ü×Ó½²·¨ £¬Õâ²è²»¿ÉÊǺÈ £¬»¹ÒªÆ· £¬ßÆÃþ߯Ãþ²Å¶®Î¶¡£ÂѺúȲ» £¿Õâ¾Í¼ûÈʼûÖÇ࣡£

Ïà¹ØÍ¼Æ¬

²»¹ýุúÄ㽲࣠£¬ÉÜÐËÄDZߵIJè�Çé¿ö¸ãµÃÂѰÍÊÊ £¬¹ÅÉ«¹ÅÏã £¬×øÏÂÈ¥¾ÍÓÐÖÖ´©Ô½¹Å´úµÄ¸ÐÊÜ¡£ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ´ºÔËÆÚ¼äÈ˶àÈÈÄÖ £¬²è�¸ãµÃÂÑ»ðÌÌ £¬ÏԵøüÓÐζµÀ¡£ÎÒ¹À¶ÑÐí¶àÈËÈ¥ÄÇÀï £¬²»¿ÉÊÇΪÁËÆ·Üø £¬ÁíÓе㡰װÐÑéÏé­¡±µÄÒâ˼ £¬×ÔÅÄ·¢ÅóÓÑȦ £¬¸ãµãÅÅÃæ³öÀ´¡£

´ºÔËÆÚ¼äÈ¥ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwx £¬Òª×¢Òâɶ×Ó £¿

½²µ½´ºÔË £¬¶ªÄÇÐÇ £¬È˶ൽñ²µÃÂѶ¼µø£¡Èç¹ûÄã¿ËÉÜÐËÆ·²è £¬×îºÃÌáǰ¸ãºÃ¹¥ÂÔ £¬²»È»·Ö·ÖÖÓ±»È˼·³ÉÃÆÍ·¼¦¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÄÇЩÈÈÃŲè� £¬Ô¤¼ÆÄãÅŶӶ¼ÒªÅŵ½ÂÑ»ðÌÌ¡£ÐÑÁúµã¹þ £¬¼ÇµÃÌáǰԤԼ £¬ÃâµÃ°×ÅÜÒ»ÌË £¬µôÄ㹫¹ê¡£

ÐÑÁúµã£º ÉÜÐËÄÇ¿­×îºÃÌôÔçÉÏÈ¥ £¬Ã»È»ÂѶàÓοÍ £¬ÌåÑé²ÅºÃ࣡£
Ïà¹ØÍ¼Æ¬

ÁíÓÐÒ»µãภ£¬´ºÔËÆÚ¼äÌìÆøÀä £¬ÓÐЩ²è�µÄÇé¿öÆ«Àä £¬½¨Òé´ø¼þůºÍµãµÄÒ·þ £¬±ðµ½Ê±ºò¶³µ½ÂѶ¼²ü¡£Æ·ÜøÊÇΪÁËÊæ·þ £¬²»ÊÇΪÁ˸ãÂÑÊÜ×ï £¬¼Ç׏þ¡£

ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwxºÍ¹ðÁøÎÄ»¯ÓÐɶ·×ÆçÑù £¿

Ïà¹ØÍ¼Æ¬

ÄãÏþµÃû £¬ÉÜÐ˵IJèÎÄ»¯ºÍÎÒÃǹðÁøµÄÉú»î¼òÖ±ÊÇÁ½»ØÊ¡£ÎÒÃǹðÁøÈËÆ·Üø £¬×î¾­µäµÄ¾ÍÊÇÑþ×åÓͲè £¬ÅäÉÏÃ×·Û¡¢À±½·½´ £¬àµÃˬµ½ÂѶ¼µø¡£¶øÉÜÐËÆ·²èwx½²µÄÊÇ¡°¾«Ö¡± £¬Ò»¸ö×Ö¡°Ï¸¡± £¬ÄdzÌÐò±ÈÎÒÃdzԷۻ¹ÅÓ´ó £¬ÂÑÊǵÄ¡£

µ«ÒªËµÎÄ»¯Î¶µÀ £¬ÕâÁ½ÖÖ¶¼¸÷ÓÐÌØÉ«¡£ÉÜÐ˵IJè�¸ü×¢ÖØÇé¿öºÍÒÇʽ¸Ð £¬ÊʺÏÄÇЩϲ»¶Æ½¾²µÄ»¨Í·Ñ¼ £»¶øÎÒÃǹðÁøµÄÓͲè̯ÔòÊÇÈ˶àÈÈÄÖ £¬ÊʺÏÈýÎåÖ¿ÓÑÒ»±ßà·ÛÒ»±ß´µË® £¬ÍêÈ«ÊÇÁ½ÖÖÌåÑé¡£Äã½²ÊDz»ÊǸü×Ó £¿


ÄǾ¿¾¹ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwxÖµ²»ÖµµÃÊÔ £¿ÂÑÓö¼Ã»£¡Èç¹ûÄãϲ»¶ÌåÑé·×ÆçÑùµÄÎÄ»¯ £¬ÓÖÇ¡ºÃ´ºÔ˿˵½ÉÜÐË £¬ÄǾͱðÓÌÔ¥ £¬ÊÔÏÂ×Ó࣠£¬¿ÉÄÜ»áÓоªÏ²¡£

ÉÜÐËÆ·²èwx, ´ºÔ˹¥ÂÔ, ²èÎÄ»¯ÌåÑé, ¹ðÁøÈË´ºÔË, ÉÜÐËÂÃÓÎ

¡¶ÎÂÖÝÄÄÀïÓÐС·ÛÎÝ¡·

Arend Kapteyn£ºÎÒÈÏΪÎÒÃǵÄÀÖ¹ÛÇéÐ÷ÕýÔ´ÓÚÁ½¸ö²ãÃæ¡£Èç¹û»Ø¹ýÍ·È¥¿´ÎÒÃÇ»òÐíÒ»ÄêǰµÄÄdz¡¶Ô»° £¬¾Í»á·¢Ã÷ÆäʱÎÒÃǶԷ¿µØ²úÐÐÒµµÄ×´¿öÓÇÐÄâçâ硪¡ª¾¿¾¹ËüÔÚÕûÌå¾­¼ÃÖÐÕ¼¾ÝמÙ×ãÇáÖØµÄְλ¡£¶øÖ±µ½ÏÖÔÚ £¬Õâ¸öÐÐÒµÒ²ÈÔδʵÏÖËÕÐÑ¡£ËüÒÀ¾ÉÊÇÍÏÀÛ¾­¼ÃµÄÒ»´óÒòËØ¡£Çé¿öËäÔÚºÃת £¬µ«¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÐèÒªÔÙ°¾Ò»ÄêµÄʱ¼ä¡£ÔÙ¿´³ö¿ÚÁìÓò¡ª¡ªÕâÒ»µã×ÅʵÈÃÎÒÃǸÐÓ¦ÒâÍ⣺³ÏÈ» £¬¹ØË°Õþ²ßµÄÓ°Ïì¿Í¹Û±£´æ £¬µ«³ý¶ÔÃÀ³ö¿ÚÍâ £¬Öйú³ö¿ÚÉÌÆ·µÄ¾ºÕùÁ¦¼òÖ±ÁîÈ˾ªÌ¾¡£ÎÒÈÏΪȥÄêÎÒÃǺöÂÔÁËÒ»µã £¬¶øÕâÒ»µãÈç½ñÕý³ÉΪÎÒÃÇÕ¹ÍûµÄ½¹µãÄÚÈÝ ¡ª¡ª ÖйúÓµÓÐÖî¶àо­¼ÃÁìÓò¡£¹ØÓÚо­¼Ã £¬Æäʵ±£´æ¶àÖÖ²î±ðµÄ½ç˵¿Ú¾¶¡£µ«ÎÒÃǵÄÅжÏÊÇ£ºµ±ÏÂÕâЩо­¼ÃÁìÓò¶Ô¾­¼ÃÔö³¤µÄТ¾´ÂÊÒѵִïÔ¼ËÄ·ÖÖ®Ò» £¬ÆäÖØÒªÐÔÒѾ­Áè¼ÝÁË·¿µØ²úÐÐÒµ¡£

¡¶ÃÀŮȫ¹ú¿Õ½µÏ½µ¡·

µ«µ½ÁËÄ¿½ñÕâ¸ö½×¶Î £¬ÄÚ¾íµÄ¸ºÃæÐ§¹ûÒѾ­Áè¼ÝÁËÕýÃæ¼ÛÖµ¡£ÃÍÁÒµÄÄÚ¾í»áµ¼ÖÂ×ÊÔ´ÀË·Ñ £¬ÆóÒµÆÕ±é²»×¬Ç® £¬²ÆÎñΣº¦²»¾øÀÛ»ý £¬»¹»á¼Ó¾çͨËõѹÁ¦ £¬¾ÓÃñÊÕÈëÔö³¤·¦Á¦ £¬×îÖÕÓÖ·´¹ýÀ´ÒÖÖÆÏû·Ñ¡­¡­ËùÒÔÏÖÔÚÌá¡°·´ÄÚ¾í¡± £¬ÊÇÓÐÕ½ÂÔÐÔÒâÒåµÄ £¬Æ«Ïò¿Ï¶¨ÊǶԵÄ¡£

¡¶º£Òð»ã999ЧÀͰüÀ¨É¶¡·

µÂ¹úÉÌÒµÒøÐÐÆÊÎöʦÔÚÖÜÎåµÄ±¨¸æÖÐдµÀ £¬Õâ´Î»Øµ÷·ù¶ÈÖ®´ó £¬¡°±êÃ÷Êг¡¼ÓÈëÕßÖ»ÊÇÔÚÆÚ´ýÒ»¸öʱ»ú £¬ÔÚ¼Û¸ñ¿ìËÙÉÏÕÇÖ®ºóÓ®ÀûÁ˽ᡱ¡£ËûÃÇÈÏΪ £¬¾¡¹ÜÎÖʲÈÎÃüµÄÌý˵¿ÉÄÜ´¥·¢ÁËϵø £¬µ«ÃÀÁª´¢¡°ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½ÉÏÇü´ÓѹÁ¦¡¢½µÏ¢·ù¶ÈÁè¼ÝĿǰÊг¡¶©¼Û¡±µÄ¸ÅÂÊÒÀÈ»ºÜ¸ß¡£

ÍøÕ¾µØÍ¼